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EPIDEMIOLOGY
RISK FACTOR
Incidence,
risk factors and early clinical diagnosis.
Each year over 550,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed world
wide comprising 18% of all female cancers. In the United Kingdom the age
standardised incidence and mortality is highest in the world (15,000 deaths
per annum) with apparently poorer 5 year survival rates in the UK than
in any other European countries. The incidence is increasing slowly particularly
among elderly women, by about 1-2% a year. Of every 1000 women aged 50,
two will recently have had breast cancer diagnosed, and about 15 will
have had a diagnosis made before the age of 50, giving a prevalence rate
of nearly 2%.
Established
risk factors for breast cancer and clinical significance.
| High
risk factors clinically significant Referral
indicated |
Established
risk but no clinical significance
No referral unless clinically indicated |
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Age
50
- 64 64 for screening
35 - 50 years if symptomatic for triple assessment
Previuos benign disease
atypical hyperplasia
Cancer in other breast
both invasive or in-situ carcinoma, all histological types
Family history of breast cancer
one first or two second degree relatives on maternal or paternal
side of the family
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Geographical location
developed countries
Menarche
before 11 years
Menopause
after 54 years
First full pregnancy
early 40s
Taking exogenous hormones:
Oral contraceptives
> 10 years before age of 25 years
Hormone replacement therapy
> 10 years
Diethylstibestrol
during pregnancy |
If
you require further advice or information please contact the
Macmillan Breast Care Nurses, Hazel Ricard and Hilary Rickwood on 020
8565 5885
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